Parallel+structure-Chiasmus

First Name: Petros Period: 3 School: Wootton

Definition #1:

**Parallel Structure:** in literature, an implied or indirect reference to a person,event, or thing or to a part of another text **Chiasmus**: a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases, as in “He went to the country, to the town went she.”

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**Definition #2**:

**Parallel Structure:** Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or." **Chiasmus:** an inverted relationship between the syntactic elements of parallel phrases (as in Goldsmith's //to stop too fearful, and too faint to go//)

**Sources:** http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/623/1/ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chiasmus

Definition in your own "student friendly" words: **Parallel structure :** Parallel structure is the pattern of words or phrases that repeat in a sentence to show two equal ideas of importance. **Chiasmus**: Chiasmus is the reversal of two or more clauses are reversed in order to make a larger point.

Link to example #1 (text, advertisement, video, speech, etc): 2-3 sentence explanation of why it is a good example: ** Parallel Structure: **http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1bFWROkFzI This video explains clearly how parallel structure is supposed to look like within sentences. It also gives quite a few examples of how to correct sentences that are not using parallel structure. **Chiasmus:** "Oh, //you haven't, haven't you//?" //A quote by Charles dickens in his novel Oliver Twist. This quote uses the properties of chiasmus by inverting the parallel sentence structure: "Oh you haven't, you haven't?" into "you haven,'t haven't you?" to produce a greater meaning with the same phrase.//

Link to example #2 (text, advertisement, video, speech, etc): 2-3 sentence explanation of why it is a good example: Parallel Structure: Chiasmus:

First Name: Kathy Period: 4 School: Wootton

Definition #1: Parallel structure is repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.
 * Parallel Structure **
 * Chiasmus** [ky-AZ-mus] (plural -mi), a figure of speech by which the order of the terms in the first of two parallel clauses is reversed in the second. This may involve a repetition of the same words or just a reversed parallel between two corresponding pairs of ideas …

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Definition #2:

Sentence elements that are alike in function should also be alike in construction
 * Parallel Structure **

Chiasmus is a figure of speech in which two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of structures to make a larger point, though the reversal does not have to feature the same words as in "antimetabole" which could be considered to be a type of chiasmus.
 * Chiasmus**

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Definition in your own "student friendly" words: Parallel structure emphasizes certain important points or phrases in a piece of writing through the repetition of certain words or group of words in similar format. Chiasmus is the usage of two phrases that are similar in idea but reversed in order or structure in order to highlight a certain thought

Link to example #1 (text, advertisement, video, speech, etc): MLK 'I have a dream' portions; good b/c his repeated usage of the phrase reiterates the his vision 2-3 sentence explanation of why it is a good example:

Link to example #2 (text, advertisement, video, speech, etc): 2-3 sentence explanation of why it is a good example:

First Name: Martese Period: 4 School: Chavez

Definition: Parallel Structure- The usage of the same patterns in two or more words, clauses, or ideas to stress the importance of something. Chiasmus- A form of parallelism that reverses the structure of a sentence to make a larger point and relate two or more clauses.

*These two terms are different in that Chaismus is a specific kind of parallel structure.

Example #1 of Parallel Structure: "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise". This is a quote by Ben Franklin. He argues that A well disciplined person (one who goes to bed early and wakes up early) will be rewarded with health, wealth, and wisdom. He could have just said it in that way, but his usage of parallel structure stresses his argument in a greater way. His idea was that the audience will remember my argument and take not of it because of his wit and the quote's structure.

Example #2 - "Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears" This is a William Shakespeare quote. Mark Anthony wants all of the people in the crowd to listen to what he is about to say. The audience is now listening with open ears because Anthony has strategically called out to them. instead of saying, "All of you people in the crowd", he uses parallel structure to identify everyone in the crowd and grab their attention, which he accomplishes very well.

Example #1 of Chiasmus- "A comedian is not a man who says funny things, a comedian is man who says things funny". This is quote is by Ed Wynn. His argument is that comedians say things in a funny way, making them funny. He uses chiasmus here to completely put down the commonly known idea that comedians are funny because they simply say funny things. Now the audience has that in mind when he makes his actual argument that a good comedian says things in a funny way.

Example #2 - "Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind" President JFK, who is arguably the one of the best users of chiasmus, said this during his address to the UN. He believes that we have to end war because so many people are dying. He uses chiasmus to make his argument more clear and memorable. The audience inevitably focuses on the words "war, end, and mankind" and that sticks with them throughout his entire speech.

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Definition #1: Source:

Definition #2: Source:

Definition in your own "student friendly" words:

Link to example #1 (text, advertisement, video, speech, etc): 2-3 sentence explanation of why it is a good example:

Link to example #2 (text, advertisement, video, speech, etc): 2-3 sentence explanation of why it is a good example: